Abstract The article sought to explore, from a constructionist perspective, the Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) as a Microworld for mathematical learning. Its constitution took place from qualitative exploratory research, in which an overview of the object is offered. In this process, bibliographical research was conducted, based on studies by authors such as Seymour Papert, Pierre Lèvy and marked by experimentation based on Guimarães, Silva, and Barbosa (2020). Thus, the objective was to study the feasibility of adopting AGV as a Microworld for mathematical learning, from the perspective of bricolage, simulation, and creative intelligence. The experience with the construction of AGV is more than the construction of a robot, it is the affirmation of the importance of Mathematics, virtual simulation in the conception of the real, and the tangible.

Resumo O artigo buscou explorar, em uma perspectiva construcionista, o Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) enquanto um Micromundo de aprendizagem matemática. A sua constituição se deu a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, ou seja, aquela em que se deseja oferecer uma visão geral sobre o objeto. Nesse processo, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, baseadas em estudos de autores como, por exemplo, Seymour Papert, Pierre Lèvy, e marcada pela experimentação baseada em Guimarães, Silva e Barbosa (2020). Assim, estabeleceu-se como objetivo estudar a viabilidade de adotar o AGV como micromundo de aprendizagem matemática, na perspectiva da bricolagem, simulação e inteligência criadora. A experiência com a construção do AGV é mais que a construção de um robô, é a afirmação da importância da Matemática, do simulador virtual na concepção do real, do tangível.

ABSTRACT Objective: Test if the MRI FAST1.2 protocol can detect extra-pituitary midline structural brain abnormalities in patients with ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP), and highlighting their radiological-laboratory correlations. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with EPP and control group. All individuals were submitted to FAST1.2, which combines the FAST1 protocol developed by our group with 3D T2DRIVE imaging. Results: We evaluated 36 individuals with EPP and 78 as control group. Pituitary stalk (PS) was identified in 7/36 patients in EPP group by FAST1, and in 24/36 patients in FAST1.2 (p < 0.001). FAST1 failed to detect PS in one individual in the control group, while the FAST1.2 defined the PS in all individuals. In EPP group, eleven had interhypothalamic adhesion (IHA), three septo-optic dysplasia, and one cerebellar malformation. We didn’t observe higher frequency of panhypopituitarism or developmental delay in patients with IHA. In control group, three had pars intermedia cysts, one hydrocephalus, and one hypothalamic hamartoma. Conclusions: FAST1.2 allows confident recognition of midline structural abnormalities, including the pituitary stalk and IHA, thereby making MRI acquisition faster and with no need for contrast administration. IHA could be associated with defects in neuronal migration, as occur in patients with EPP, with no clinical significance.

Resumo Este trabalho propicia uma ferramenta para exploração de conteúdos matemáticos de maneira instigante. É um desafio para os professores da Educação Básica fomentar a participação ativa de estudantes na construção do próprio conhecimento. Neste contexto, a produção de instrumentos que facilitem a inovação em aulas de Matemática é relevante. A investigação, na qual se baseia este texto, foi desenvolvida a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e da construção/experimentação de um robô seguidor de linha, na perspectiva do reaproveitamento de sucata e exploração da matemática subjacente. Como resultado, apresenta-se uma proposta de material didático de apoio, onde é tratada a construção de um seguidor de linha totalmente sustentável e são descritas possibilidades de abordagem de diversos conteúdos, evidenciando problemas que constituem desafios matemáticos e físicos. Outros pontos fortes da proposta são: possibilitar o acesso às contribuições dessa abordagem na educação pública e promover uma sensibilização a respeito da necessidade de preservação do meio ambiente, reutilizando materiais eletrônicos na produção de robôs e abordando o descarte correto dos materiais que não serão (re)aproveitados.

Abstract This work provides a tool for exploring mathematical contents in an exciting way. It is a challenge for Basic Education teachers to foster the active participation of students in building their own knowledge. In this context, the production of instruments that facilitate innovation in mathematics classes is relevant. The investigation, on which this text is based, was developed from a bibliographic research and the construction/experimentation of a line follower robot, in the perspective of the reuse of scrap and exploration of the underlying mathematics. As a result, a proposal for didactic support material is presented, where the construction of a totally sustainable line follower is treated and possibilities for approaching different contents are described, showing problems which constitute mathematical and physical challenges. Other strengths of the proposal are: to enable access to the contributions of this approach in public education and to raise awareness of the need to preserve the environment, reusing electronic materials in the production of robots and the approach of correct disposal of materials that will not be (re)used.

RESUMO A disposição inadequada de resíduos da construção civil (RCC) gera poluição difusa em grande parte do território brasileiro, a despeito da legislação ambiental vigente. A incipiência do planejamento de sistemas de gestão de resíduos, no âmbito municipal, e também de seu monitoramento com vistas à melhoria contínua foi o agente mobilizador desta pesquisa, que se propôs a determinar e validar variáveis para um conjunto de indicadores de efetividade de gestão de RCC e, por meio deles, avaliar a gestão dos RCC no município de São José dos Campos, São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada com dados quanti-qualitativos, tendo em vista a utilidade pública. Os 15 indicadores de efetividade foram avaliados com o auxílio de 124 variáveis de diferentes significâncias determinadas pelos gestores municipais. O uso da ferramenta para a avaliação de desempenho em São José dos Campos mostrou que, mesmo sendo o município considerado referência nacional na gestão de RCC, ainda há esforços a serem invitados para que essa gestão possa ser considerada efetiva, principalmente nas dimensões econômica e social. Os indicadores e variáveis apresentados no presente trabalho podem nortear avaliações em outros municípios brasileiros, desde que consideradas as especificidades locais.

ABSTRACT In spite of current environmental legislation, inadequate disposition of construction solid waste (CSW) generates diffuse pollution in a large part of Brazilian territory. Many incipient plans of waste management systems, at the municipal level, and also their monitoring needs for having continuously improved systems were the mobilizing agents of this research, which proposed to determine and validate variables for a set of CSW management effectiveness indicators and through them to evaluate the management of CSW in the municipality of São José dos Campos. It is an applied research with quantitative and qualitative data, with a view to public utility. Fifteen effectiveness indicators were evaluated using 124 variables with different scores determined by the municipal managers. As a result of using the performance evaluation tool, it was showed that, even though São José dos Campos is considered nationwide as reference in the management of CSW, it is still necessary to invite efforts so that its management can be considered effective, mainly in the economic and social dimensions. All indicators and variables presented in this study may guide evaluations in other Brazilian municipalities, as long as respect for local specificities is maintained.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the impact of vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) on arterial pump flow in a simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass circuit utilizing a centrifugal pump (CP) with an external arterial filter. Methods: The simulation circuit consisted of a Quadrox-I Pediatric oxygenator, a Rotaflow CP (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set primed with Lactated Ringer's solution and packed red blood cells. Venous line pressure, reservoir pressure, and arterial flow were measured with VAVD turned off to record baseline values. Four other conditions were tested with progressively higher vacuum pressures (-20, -40, -60, and -80 mmHg) applied to the baseline cardiotomy pressure. An arterial filter was placed into the circuit and arterial flow was measured with the purge line in both open and closed positions. These trials were repeated at set arterial flow rates of 1500, 2000, and 2500 mL/min. Results: The use of progressively higher vacuum caused a reduction in effective arterial flow from 1490±0.00 to 590±0.00, from 2020±0.01 to 1220±0.00, and from 2490±0.0 to 1830±0.01 mL/min. Effective forward flow decreased with increased levels of VAVD. Conclusion: The use of VAVD reduces arterial flow when a CP is used as the main arterial pump. The reduction in the forward arterial flow increases as the vacuum level increases. The loss of forward flow is further reduced when the arterial filter purge line is kept in the recommended open position. An independent flow probe is essential to monitor pump flow during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Abstract Objective: Hemodilution is a concern in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Using a smaller dual tubing rather than a single larger inner diameter (ID) tubing in the venous limb to decrease prime volume has been a standard practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate these tubing options. Methods: Four different CPB circuits primed with blood (hematocrit 30%) were investigated. Two setups were used with two circuits for each one. In Setup I, a neonatal oxygenator was connected to dual 3/16" ID venous limbs (Circuit A) or to a single 1/4" ID venous limb (Circuit B); and in Setup II, a pediatric oxygenator was connected to dual 1/4" ID venous limbs (Circuit C) or a single 3/8" ID venous limb (Circuit D). Trials were conducted at arterial flow rates of 500 ml/min up to 1500 ml/min (Setup I) and up to 3000 ml/min (Setup II), at 36°C and 28°C. Results: Circuit B exhibited a higher venous flow rate than Circuit A, and Circuit D exhibited a higher venous flow rate than Circuit C, at both temperatures. Flow resistance was significantly higher in Circuits A and C than in Circuits B (P<0.001) and D (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: A single 1/4" venous limb is better than dual 3/16" venous limbs at all flow rates, up to 1500 ml/min. Moreover, a single 3/8" venous limb is better than dual 1/4" venous limbs, up to 3000 ml/min. Our findings strongly suggest a revision of perfusion practice to include single venous limb circuits for CPB.

Resumo Este artigo busca analisar o comportamento dos diferenciais de rendimentos entre gênero e raças nas regiões metropolitanas (RMs) e o Distrito Federal, considerando diferentes categorias ocupacionais. Dada a disparidade regional, optou-se por corrigir a renda através do índice de custo de vida desenvolvido por Azzoni e Almeida (2016); para captar o diferencial, os efeitos dotação e discriminação, utilizou-se o método não paramétrico de Ñopo (2008), aplicado aos dados obtidos pela PNAD (2014). Além disso, o método de Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) foi aplicado para o Brasil Metropolitano. Da comparação entre os métodos, constatou-se que Oaxaca superestima os efeitos da decomposição de rendimentos. Em relação ao diferencial, ocupacional e RM, as mulheres, assim como os indivíduos não brancos, têm piores remunerações. Com as ocupações desagregadas e por regiões, os profissionais das ciências e das artes são aqueles que têm as maiores diferenças salariais nas RMs por gênero; por raça, as maiores diferenças são encontradas para o grupo de dirigentes e profissionais das ciências e das artes.

Abstract This paper analyzes the behavior of income differentials between gender and race in the metropolitan regions (MRs) and the Federal District, considering four levels of occupation. Given the regional disparity, it was decided to correct the income by the cost of life index developed by Azzoni and Almeida (2016). To capture the differential effects allocation and discrimination, we used the nonparametric method Ñopo (2008) applied to the data obtained from the National Household Survey (2014). Furthermore, the method of Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) was applied to the Metropolitan Brazil. Comparing the methods, it can be seen that Oaxaca overestimates the effects of income decomposition. Regarding the differential in each RM and occupational level, women as well as non-white individuals have worse pay. With the disaggregated occupations and by regions, the professionals of the sciences and the arts are the one that has the greatest salary differences in RMs by gender, and by race, the biggest differences are found for the group of leaders and professionals of the sciences.

Objetivou-se propor e validar uma escala diagramática para quantificar a antracnose do colmo em milho. A severidade da antracnose foi estimada por dez avaliadores sem o uso de escala em 139 entrenós, e os mesmos avaliadores avaliaram os entrenós usando uma escala publicada anteriormente na literatura (primeira escala) e uma nova escala proposta. Com o uso da escala proposta, todas as variáveis foram significativamente diferentes em relação à primeira escala, e os valores foram mais próximos de uma medição acurada (r=0,97, Cb=0.98, u=0.09, υ=1.06, ρc=0.96). Os maiores desvios do erro foram observados quando os avaliadores atribuíram notas sem o uso de escalas e com a primeira escala, com vários exemplos de erros maiores do que 30% do valor real. Com a escala proposta, poucos erros acima de 15% do valor real foram encontrados, e a maioria das notas dos avaliadores não ultrapassou, para mais ou para menos, 10% do valor real. Uma maior confiabilidade na estimativa da severidade da doença foi obtida com o uso da escala proposta, com a qual 100% das comparações resultaram em um R2>0,90. A nova escala diagramática proposta no presente trabalho melhorou a acurácia, precisão e confiabilidade das estimativas da severidade da antracnose do colmo em milho

This study aimed to validate a new diagrammatic scale to anthracnose stalk in corn. Anthracnose severity was estimated by ten raters without and with use of new scale on 139 internodes with different severity degrees and all evaluators rated the same internodes using the old scale published in the literature and a new proposed scale. All variables of the propose scale, were significantly different than those of old scale, and the values were closer to an accurate measurement (r=0.97, Cb=0.98, u=0:09, υ=1:06, ρc=0.96). The large error deviations were observed when evaluators given notes without the use of scales and also with the old scale, for examples with errors up to 30%. On the other hand the majority errors with the use the new scale were lower than 10%. Higher reliability was achieved with the use of the proposed scale, where 100% of the comparisons were achieved R2>0.90. According to the results the diagrammatic scale proposed in this study improves accuracy, precision and reliability of the evaluators to estimates the anthracnose stalk severity in corn

ResumoPropõe-se analisar o efeito da estabilidade dos professores sobre a qualidade do ensino fundamental nas escolas públicas brasileiras, considerando que a decisão de tornar-se docente também envolve fatores não pecuniários relacionados aos benefícios de ingressar no setor público. Com base nos dados mais recentes do exame Prova Brasil (2011) para estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental, aplicou-se a metodologia de Pareamento no Escore de Propensão para múltiplos tratamentos com o objetivo de contornar o possível viés de seleção das escolas decorrente da correlação entre o benefício da estabilidade dos professores com fatores relacionados aos salários e aos critérios de admissão dos alunos. Objetivando prover robustez nos resultados, conduziu-se uma Análise de Sensibilidade proposta por (Ichino et al., 2006), que simula a possibilidade da presença de uma variável não observada, a qual invalidaria a suposição de independência condicional necessária para identificar a relação de causalidade. Em comparação com os efeitos ambíguos dispostos na literatura acerca dos salários dos professores sobre o desempenho estudantil, demonstra-se, para todas as regiões do país, que quanto maior a falta de professores com estabilidade menor o desempenho dos estudantes, resultado este que se traduz no aprendizado dos alunos.

AbstractThis paper is aimed at analyzing the effect of teachers' stability on education quality in Brazilian public elementary schools, considering that the decision to become a teacher also involves non-pecuniary factors. The latest database of the Prova Brazil Examination (2011) was applied to the methodology of propensity score matching in order to overcome the possible selection bias of schools due to the correlation between the teachers' stability benefit factors associated with salaries and the students' admission rules. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed according to (Ichino et al., 2006) to verify the robustness of results over the possibility of the presence of an unobserved variable to invalidate the conditional Independence assumption needed to identify the causal relationship. The results indicate, for all regions in the country, that the larger the lack of teachers holding tenure positions the lower the students' performance, vis-à-vis the ambiguous effect found in the research of wages on students' performance. This suggests that schools keeping greater proportion of teacher with tenure tend to provide a better students' scholar achievement.

Malaria is responsible for more deaths around the world than any other parasitic disease. Due to the emergence of strains that are resistant to the current chemotherapeutic antimalarial arsenal, the search for new antimalarial drugs remains urgent though hampered by a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of artemisinin resistance. Semisynthetic compounds derived from diterpenes from the medicinal plant Wedelia paludosawere tested in silico against the Plasmodium falciparumCa2+-ATPase, PfATP6. This protein was constructed by comparative modelling using the three-dimensional structure of a homologous protein, 1IWO, as a scaffold. Compound 21 showed the best docking scores, indicating a better interaction with PfATP6 than that of thapsigargin, the natural inhibitor. Inhibition of PfATP6 by diterpene compounds could promote a change in calcium homeostasis, leading to parasite death. These data suggest PfATP6 as a potential target for the antimalarial ent-kaurane diterpenes.

BACKGROUND: atopic dermatitis is directly related to psychological stress, reduced quality of life and psychosomatic symptoms. The Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis is the only questionnaire developed specifically for assessment of psychosomatization in atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVES: the objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate a Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis. METHODS: adaptation consisted of independent translation and backtranslation by three bilingual translators, followed by a pre-test. The Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis and the Dermatology Life Quality Index were self-administered to 47 patients with atopic dermatitis. Disease severity was evaluated using the Eczema Area and Severity Index. Factor analysis was used to identify the dimensions of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis. Internal consistency and convergence validity were also analyzed. Reproducibility was assessed using the Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: factor analysis revealed a two-dimensional structure: stress/laziness/insecurity (I) and maladjustment/social relationships (II), explaining 54.4% of total variance. All dimensions revealed excellent internal consistency. External construct validity was confirmed by positive correlations between the Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis and the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Test-retest reliability was excellent, with k>0.7 for all questions. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for the evaluation of psychosomatic symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis and as a tool in clinical and epidemiological research.

One of the main challenges in the development of new antimalarial drugs is to achieve a viable lead candidate with good pharmacokinetic properties. Curcumin has a broad range of biological activities, including antimalarial activity. Herein, we report the antimalarial activity of six curcumin derivatives (6-12) and an initial analysis of their pharmacokinetic properties. Five compounds have demonstrated potent activity against the P. falciparum in vitro (IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 15.2 µg mL-1), with moderate or low cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line. The substitution of the carbonyl group in 6 by a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone group (to afford 11) increases the Selective Index. These preliminary results indicate curcumin derivatives as potential antimalarial compounds.

INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, a definição dos parâmetros de pontuação da residência médica fica a critério da coordenação de cada programa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os critérios empregados para análise curricular dos editais de residência médica e a distribuição das vagas, por região no Brasil, durante o ano de 2011. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado como base o Sistema da Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica e foram pesquisados todos os editais abertos em 2011. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma ficha padronizada pelos autores e utilizou-se o software Epi Info 6.4 para análise. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionadas 362 instituições, com 7.931 vagas distribuídas nas cinco regiões do País. A oferta se concentrou na Região Sudeste, com 42,8% dos editais e 66,7% das vagas. Apenas quatro especialidades concentraram 57,4% das vagas - Clínica Médica (20,0%), Pediatria (13,9%), Cirurgia Geral (13,6%) e Ginecologia/Obstetrícia (10%). As vagas ofertadas à área de saúde da família e comunidade e medicina preventiva e social somaram menos de 6% do total. Publicação de artigos científicos (97,6%), atividades de monitoria (92,3%), apresentação de resumos em congresso (87,9%), estágio em hospitais (80,6%) e conhecimento em línguas estrangeiras (63,7%) foram as atividades mais pontuadas. A participação em capítulos de livros foi bem avaliada em editais da Região Sudeste (51,3%). A participação em ligas acadêmicas foi pontuada em apenas 37,6% dos editais. CONCLUSÕES: Há grande concentração de vagas na Região Sudeste, com poucas vagas para a área de saúde da família, e os critérios utilizados para avaliação do currículo variam bastante de região para região.

INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, Medical Residency Programs have specific criteria to evaluate a student's résumé. The aim of this study was to analyze the main criteria adopted by Medical Residency Centers in their recruitment programs during the year of 2011. METHODS: The requirements of the main Medical Residency Centers were reviewed according to the National Medicine Council. A questionnaire standardized by the authors was used to collect the data. For analysis of the results, EpiInfo version 6.4 was used. RESULTS: A total of 362 institutions, which offer 7,931 vacancies around Brazil, were included in the study. In total, 57.4% of the applications were made for the following medical specialties: Internal Medicine (20%), Pediatrics (13.9%), General Surgery (13.6%), Obstetrics and Gynecology (10%). A small amount of vacancies were offered in Family and Community Health, corresponding to 6% of the total. The activities developed by the students during the course considered most important by the Medical Residency Centers were: publication of papers (97%), tutorial activities (92.3%), submission of abstract to congresses (87.9%), trainee program in hospitals (80.6%) and knowing a foreign language (63.7%). Publishing a chapter of a book was important mainly in the Centers (51.3%) located in the Southeast of Brazil. Participating in academic study groups is only accepted in 37.6% of the programs. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the vacancies for Medical Residency Programs are in the Southeast Centers. There are very few vacancies in the area of in Family and Community Health. The criteria used to evaluate the students CV relies on the Medical Residency Centers it is applying for and the region it is located.

RACIONAL: Sempre foi muito controversa a escolha de uma operação ideal para portadores de megaesôfago não avançado com recidiva após tratamento prévio. As várias técnicas existentes e os diferentes graus da doença são os maiores fatores para essa dificuldade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados precoces e tardios da esofagocardioplastia à Serra-Dória em pacientes que apresentaram recidiva dos sintomas de megaesôfago não avançado após terem sido previamente submetidos à cardiomiotomia. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 32 pacientes. A idade variou de 32 a 63 anos. Dezenove apresentavam disfagia moderada e 13 leve, sendo que 14 tinham algum grau de regurgitação. Esses indivíduos foram submetidos à esofagocardioplastia à Serra-Dória e foram avaliadas as complicações sistêmicas e locais ocorridas no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Após o procedimento, puderam ser acompanhados 27 pacientes, sendo que 22 passaram a apresentar deglutição normal, cinco disfagia leve e três permaneceram com alguma regurgitação. Nenhum paciente morreu. Três tiveram pneumonia precoce e em um cocorreu fístula anastomótica. CONCLUSÕES: A esofagocardioplastia à Serra-Dória é procedimento adequado para o tratamento cirúrgico do megaesôfago recidivado não avançado.

BACKGROUND: It has always been very controversial to choose an ideal operation for patients with no advanced recurrent megaesophagus after previous treatment. The various existing techniques and the different degrees of disease are the major factors to this difficulty. AIM: To evaluate the early and late results of the Serra-Doria esophagocardioplasty in patients who had recurrence of symptoms in non-advanced megaesophagus after having been submitted to cardiomyotomy. METHODS: Were studied 32 patients. The age ranged from 32 to 63 years. Nineteen had mild and 13 moderate dysphagia, and 14 had some degree of regurgitation. These subjects underwent the Serra-Doria esophagocardioplasty and were evaluated the local and systemic complications occurred postoperatively. RESULTS: After the procedure could be followed 27 patients, 22 began to show normal swallowing, five mild dysphagia and three remained with some regurgitation. No patient died. Three had early pneumonia and in one occurred anastomotic leak. CONCLUSIONS: The Serra-Doria esophagocardioplasty is adequate procedure for the surgical treatment of relapsed non advanced megaesophagus.